18 Sep
Jim Crow’s Children: The Jena 6, Shaquanda Cotton, & BLOG POWER
Did you hear the good news on “The Jena 6”? The adult conviction and potential 22 year sentence of Mychal Bell has been overturned. This comes less than one week before widespread protests scheduled for this Thursday in Jena, Louisiana. Since this case and the fate of the other five boys are a looooong way from being resolved mass protests will continue as planned. And while those new to the Jena Six story can chew on this video and check out these links, let’s come back to it in a minute. The development of Jena story is only part of a much larger “Cyber Rights Movement” that has been gaining greater ground in America in 2007. Let’s call it “BLOG POWER”!
BLOG POWER goes a little something like this: yet another African-American teenager falls victim to Jim Crow-like criminal injustice; the injustice is covered in some local newspaper; national mainstream media completely ignores story; story spreads like wildfire across hundreds of predominantly African-American blogs; national media still ignores it; bloggers still blog; national media keeps ignoring; bloggers keep blogging on irresponsible national media; one national mainstream outlet might pick up story; bloggers keep blogging; other embarrassed national outlets might pick up story; bloggers keep blogging; finally, previously voiceless activists start to receive national media attention; bloggers keep blogging; more well-known activists such as Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson are part of planned widespread national march; bloggers keep blogging; just days prior to the scheduled protest the charges against the young teenager have been reduced or thrown out. While there exist many examples of BLOG POWER, perhaps the greatest two in 2007 involve “The Jena 6” and Shaquanda Cotton. But before we examine what they represent, some context might be helpful.
JIM CROW’S CHILDREN:
More than 40 years ago it took an unrelenting civil rights campaign and appalling television images of government abuse to wake up the wider and whiter nation from its slumber about the terrorism of the Jim Crow South. But something not-so-funny happened on the way to the freedom march. Jim Crow never really went away – like Madonna, he only reinvented himself. While Jim Crow has produced various offspring (see separate schools, health care, and employment access), Mr. Crow’s two most successful children are America’s criminal justice and juvenile justice systems. As the 1960s came to an end, a whole new set of laws were enacted in the 1970s and 1980s at a time when the term “gangsta rap” didn’t even exist as a political scapegoat. As politicians became savvier, and policies became slicker, the signs of Jim Crow became subtler. Gone were the likes of George Wallace who proudly and unapologetically defended “the good ole days”, and in came the likes of Trent Lott who only publicly reminisced about it at birthday parties. Political slogans such as “segregation forever” were buried forever as new mantras like “tough on crime” came into vogue. Brand new mandatory minimum sentencing laws for NON-VIOLENT drug offenders hand-cuffed judges and turned prisons from places that housed violent criminals into places that CREATED them. With the proliferation of private prisons in the 1970s, the term “non-violence” went from a protest strategy built on gaining rights, to a prison-building buzzword built on denying them. By the 1980s separate water fountains were officially replaced with drastic disparities in punishment between crack and cocaine. By the 1990’s mayors in every depressed rural area in America were begging for a new prison as their economic-development strategy. When the 21st century came around, a nation that was once outraged at images of young children being hosed by water and bitten by dogs became fully comfortable with the more tastefully oppressive-images of kids walking right out of performance-reducing schools and right into profit-producing prisons.
As a result, America’s prisons have grown SIX-FOLD in a 30 year span after relative stability the PREVIOUS 50 YEARS. Of course, this completely dwarfs all other industrialized countries in the world. This statistic, in and of itself, would be cause for national crisis and wholesale prison reform in any other country. But the majority of new prisoners are not just non-violent, they are non-white. And if there is one subject that white Americans have collectively and historically been in denial about: it is about its own institutional racism (for more see The Absurdity and Consistency of White Denial by Tim Wise). Whether in 1776, 1896, the 1960s, or 2007. But while Jim Crow at least had the decency to put his race cards on the table, his children have not been so kind. Politicians want no part of prison reform for fear of being accused of “coddling criminals”, and most white Americans have little outrage because it hasn’t been their children being locked up. Even the best of anti-racist movements have failed in fighting the terror that is our criminal and juvenile justice systems. There are no perfect foils or evil faces attached to Jim Crow’s offspring. Martin Luther King had Bull Conner, FDR had Adolf, and George Bush didn’t even need the right “evil guy” to garner public support. But when it comes to prison reform the collective white non-response for the last 30 years has essentially been “Data schmata. I’ll believe in institutional racism when you show me some actual lynchings!!!”
ENTER “THE JENA SIX”:
Jena Six in Context: No actual lynchings occurred, but just about everything else – rope included. Discussing the Jena Six is an exercise in determining just where to start: subjects like “the white tree”; tree permission slips; hanging nooses; school boards wrist-slaps; DA threats; “deadly” tennis shoes; and outrageous sentences are all worthy of outrage in their isolation. Taken together, they form a coordinated web of systemic Jim Crow terrorism that even the likes of Rush Limbaugh can understand. It must be noted that “The Jena 6” is also happening in a town that needed a federal emergency court order back in 2000 to stop the abuse of children at the Jena Juvenile Justice Center, a facility where local Judge Mark Doherty told NPR "treats juveniles as if they walked on all fours."; and a facility, not surprisingly, that is owned by one of America’s largest and often scandal-plagued private prison industries, Wackenhut Corrections (since renamed The GEO Group). And, of course, Jena is located in Louisiana: the state whose majority white population voted for David Duke for Governor back in 1991; the state where a town’s very first African-American mayor was executed (immediately ruled a “suicide” of course) just two days before he was set to take office way back in 1957 2007; and a state that is essentially the prison-building capital of a country that is the incarceration capital of the world.
Mainstream Media Coverage: This article reports early local grassroots resistance and how the Lafayette public access TV show, "Community Defender," was the first media outlet from outside Jena’s immediate area to give coverage of the case right after the arrests last December. For the next few months the story was kept alive largely by the efforts of non-corporate alternative media and, mostly, a vast network of predominantly African-American bloggers (called “the Afrosphere” amongst other names). By May you were still more likely to learn about “The Jena Six” living in England than in America. While the BBC posted an article on May 24th and aired a documentary on the case, it wasn’t until July 1 that CNN investigated the story. And it wasn’t until this September where most mainstream outlets were domestically and internationally shamed into covering it. In this July 11 post, dna from Too Sense, one of hundreds of bloggers on the case, critiques the initial CNN coverage and the mainstream media’s (non)coverage prior to July.
“the mainstream media has felt absolutely no obligation to cover the story with appropriate depth. The New York Times has not covered it at all. Neither has the Washington Post, whose vast website carry a single AP article on the subject. MSNBC has twice the AP articles on the subject the post does, which brings the grand total to two, with no original coverage on their website. Fox seems to have found one more AP article than MSNBC, with the extra one titled "White Students Removed Over Nooses," the poor dears.”
ENTER SHAQUANDA COTTON:
Cotton in Context: If the Jena Six represent Jim Crow’s son that is our criminal injustice system, Shaquanda Cotton from Paris, Texas is the daughter that representing our juvenile injustice. Unlike then-16 year old Mychal Bell, Cotton could not be tried as an adult as she was only 14 when she shoved that fragile school hall monitor. Instead she was merely sentenced to up to 7 years. The same judge sentenced a 14-year-old white girl to probation for burning down her family’s house. With absolutely no assistance from mainstream media and an avalanche of BLOG POWER, Shaquanda Cotton was freed on the significant date April 1st. This day kicks off “April Fool’s Month” a time that 30 years from now will a subject for some “Race and Media” college course’s attempt to grasp American culture in 2007. You may recall April as the month that our national media dissected the grave racial injustices such as the job status of Don Imus, the trials and tribulations of the Duke boys[1], and those oppressive hip-hop double standards. While white rage seethed over issues like “why can’t we all use the ‘N-word’ while that darn Snoop Dogg gets to run amok”, you may have missed some other April news like: DNA evidence exonerated James Giles after serving 25 years; Jerry Miller was also exonerated after serving only 24 years (Miller marked the 200th person exonerated by DNA evidence)[2] and Billie Ray Johnson won his civil trial after being racially mocked, knocked unconscious, and left for dead by four white men none of whom received more than 60 days of jail time. And for those wondering, yes, it was over 50 years ago that Ralph Ellison authored “The Invisible Man”.
Cotton Media Coverage: The story – first exposed March 12 by Howard Witt of the Chicago Tribune (note: Witt was also reported “Jena 6” in May)– led to an unprecedented blogging blitz. In a follow-up article, Letter from Cyberspace, Witt explains:
“every once in a blue moon, you write something that literally explodes across the Internet in ways no one could predict. That has now happened with a story I wrote nearly two weeks ago… If you had Googled … Shaquanda Cotton, the day before the story was published…, you would have gotten zero results. On Friday afternoon, there were more than 21,000 hits. The story has been picked up on more than 200 blogs around the country, many of them concerned with African-American affairs. It has generated thousands of postings to Internet message boards… And now the story has jumped across the ethernet into the physical world: Dozens of talk-radio stations across the nation were buzzing about Shaquanda last week, protests on her behalf were held in Paris, a petition- and letter-drive aimed at Texas Gov. Rick Perry and the judge in the case, Chuck Superville, is underway, and civil rights leaders from the NAACP and the ACLU to the Rev. Al Sharpton are weighing whether to get involved. I’ve written thousands of stories for the Tribune over the last 25 years, from around the nation and across the world, and I’ve never seen a reaction like this before.”
Perhaps, Mr. Witt has never seen such a reaction in part because of the relative newness of BLOG POWER. Perhaps the most astonishing aspect of the Cotton story was the virtual shut-out by the national mainstream media[3]. If you were to do another google search today, Ms. Cotton would receive more than 50,000 entries — almost exclusively from alternative media and bloggers. However, a CNN website search only reveals quality links on cotton bedding. Want a good deal on “400 Thread Count All Cotton Sateen Sheet Sets”? Our national media will be there for you. Want to expose institutional racism within our juvenile justice system? BLOG POWER! In his Cyberspace article Witt would go on to write:
“But what’s particularly interesting to me… has been the vehemence, and what it may tell us about the powerful new Internet communications tools we all now have at our fingertips but don’t yet fully comprehend. I had no idea, for example, of the extent of the African-American blogging world out there and its collective powers of dissemination. But now, after reading thousands of anguished, thoughtful comments posted on these blogs reflecting on issues of persistent racial discrimination in the nation’s schools and courtrooms, what’s clear to me is that there’s a new, "virtual" civil rights movement out there on the Internet that can reach more people in a few hours than all the protest marches, sit-ins and boycotts of the 1950s and 60s put together.”
This powerful observation is one that hundreds of other bloggers have also already made. In this context, it should be noted that reminiscent of this week’s dismissal of Mychal Bell’s charge, Cotton was released exactly one day before Sharpton and others had planned a widespread protest. This suggests that protest marches ain’t dead yet, but have just been heavily augmented as part of a multi-pronged strategy toward achieving justice. A collaboration between new school blogging and old-school marching will allow thousands to “get on the bus” and get over to Jena, Louisiana this Thursday.
BLOG POWER and THE CYBER RIGHTS MOVEMENT:
One must wonder if without the aid of the internet: would “The Jena 6” ever made national mainstream news?; would Shaquanda Cotton still be locked up?; or even, would we have experienced the meteoric increase in profit-inducing prisoners over the last 30 years? And what about all the other Bell’s and Cotton’s who never received a protest march in their name. Is it because we simply don’t know their stories? Witt reports that thousands of juvenile cases in Texas are currently being reviewed “as part of a sweeping overhaul of the scandal-plagued system”. While this is encouraging news, what will happen in Louisiana and the other 48 states? In 1964, grotesque television images helped coalesce just barely enough national support to get President Johnson to sign a new “Civil Rights Act” in the face of vitriolic segregationists. Is it possible for BLOG POWER to wake up America to deal with Jim Crow’s children and get a “Prison Reform Act” signed at a juncture in American history that boasts a 40% rise in hate groups?
While such a suggestion may only be a pipe dream, BLOG POWER is not quietly hoping for Senators, governors, and other elected officials to do their job, nor is it patiently waiting for Tim Russert, Chris Matthews, or Joe Scarbarough to determine what is newsworthy. BLOG POWER is a place that demands an end to mainstream media’s insidious practice of “racism-by-omission”. It is a “cyber rights movement” that won’t stop until widespread white denial is widely denied. It is a new virtual democracy at work and a voice for the voiceless. But perhaps the greatest contribution that a handful of committed local journalists and thousands of committed bloggers can make is not its ability to show that Jim Crow has returned, but only to demonstrate that he has never really left.
Update: From some feedback I have received via email, the article may not have made it clear on the important distinction between NATIONAL mainstream media and LOCAL mainstream media. It also probably did not properly assign appropriate credit to the invaluable role that the local mainstream media can and must play in this process. In this vein, Howard Witt of the Chicago Tribune deserves extended mention than the article provided. Not only did he break the Shaquanda Cotton story, but was the first local mainstream writer to write on the Jena 6 on May 20th, 4 days prior to the BBC article. Incidentally, Witt also broke the Billy Ray Johnson story prior to this year. These facts not only show just how much one investigative reporter can make a difference, but how the collaboration between protests, bloggers, and local mainstream media all play a valuable and synergistic role in getting a story "out there" to the national mainstream outlets. Finally, on the very same day that this article was posted Howard Witt wrote "Blogs Help Jena Protest" which overlaps with many themes in this article.
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Author’s End Note: The author is no stranger to our country’s juvenile justice system as he has professionally worked with policy-makers, agencies, and youth themselves to assist youth in prevention and transition of youth out of juvenile justice facilities. Last year he collaborated with The Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) to produce Making the Juvenile Justice- Workforce System Connection for Reentering Youth Offenders as a Guide for local workforce practitioners. One of the 13 communities studied was the Northeast Louisiana Delta Youth Opportunity Project. The good news is that this project was one of the most successful in the country while operating in one of our country’s most rural and poverty-stricken areas. Their data showed that youth involvement in the judicial system decreased by 33% in the three-parish communities where their juvenile justice project was implemented. Southeast Arkansas, the other third of the rural Mississippi Delta was also studied. In 2004, the Dermott Juvenile Detention Center closed its doors. Another 1999 Jena Scandal? Corruption? Abuse? Not quite. No less than the head JUDGE remarked: "They [Phoenix Youth and Family Services] provide a valuable alternative to detention… the closing of the [facility] …was a direct result of the lowering of the juvenile docket due to the effectiveness of their services". .Moral of story: where there is political will and capital, juvy facilities can be put out of business. The bad news, of course, is that the federal funding for BOTH of these projects was not renewed, perhaps as one of the thousands of budget casualties resulting from the the war in Iraq. As we continue to fight to provide social justice to combat Jim Crow’s children which is our current justice system, a complementary effort must also exist to also provide the necessary resources to our communities in greatest need. We know that they work, it is only a matter of political and social priorities.
OTHER JENA 6 COVERAGE
[1] Of course, what happened to the Duke Lacrosse players is an injustice. However, it is important to note that case was NOT symbolic of racial and economic discrimination in our justice system. In and of itself and given the case’s sensational backdrop, there is nothing wrong with the media coverage of their tribulations, but such coverage COUPLED with the virtual absence of any real mainstream coverage of exponentially worse AND symbolic criminal justice travesties detailed in point is a complete slap in the face to the suffering of Shaquanda Cotton, James Giles, Jerry Miller, and Billie Ray Johnson. Perhaps the worst effect of “racism-by-omission” in media coverage is it completely distorts the viewers understanding of racism embedded in the criminal justice system. Ironically, one of the few people to get it right was lacrosse player Reade Seligman when he stated: "This entire experience has opened my eyes up to a tragic world of injustice I never knew existed. If police officers and a district attorney can systematically railroad us with absolutely no evidence whatsoever, I can’t imagine what they’d do to people who do not have the resources to defend themselves. … all of us need to take a step back from this case and learn from it." Good luck to Mr. Seligman who started his first semester at Brown last week to become criminal lawyer.
[2] One may ask the legitimate question if these African-American DNA exoneree examples of racial bias or just criminal justice failures as we can all point to individual white defendants who have been wronged. A look at The Innocence Projects Report "200 Exonerated: Too Many Wrongfully Convicted" will answer this question and show that black defendant are much more statistically likely (proportionate to racial incarceration rates) to be the victims of such system failures.
[3] Cotton received a couple of token website articles and TV segments on the day that she was RELEASED.
Sphere: Related Content
Excellent post, Modi. “Blog Power” appears to be quite powerful. I absolutely agree that seems to be a movement going on in the internet.
It’s funny, because when I started blogging, I bemoaned the lack of minority bloggers in the internet (especially in sports). Now I have learned that they are out there, and they are strong in committment to make up for what they lack in numbers….
September 19th, 2007 at 2:14 pmIt’s funny. Have watched a lot of civil rights films in my time, the media back then gave quite a representation of minorities as they do today. Nothing has changed. I was reading a CNN article the other day about the U.S. prosecutor saying that the noose hangings (translation: racism) didn’t have anything to do with the fight. And went on to say something about the guys families had no ties to the Klan. Remember the same media are the ones who have run a spin on the Iraq War, so there’s no doubt they are playing down this whole Jena situation. Right next to the article, they mentioned something about Jesse Jackson saying Obama was “acting white” for not getting on the case, which Jackson denied. Shame that CNN would do a 360-degree spin like that. I was in Jena yesterday and the turn out was wonderful. Black, white, Asian, everyone was down there. I have not heard one report or read one article on the amount of diversity in the march or in the town of Jena. I really come to the conclusion that the media is right up there with this unjust legal system and always have been. The point of this Jena situation is not about race. It’s about an injustice where the racists are having a field day in prosecuting these young men. With that said, these racists have got to go and the media need to stop exposing themselves with the hypocrisy.
September 21st, 2007 at 4:03 pmYou know I love ya man, but I couldn’t help but notice you left out one little detail: The Jena 6, as in SIX teenagers, beat 1, as in ONE teenager, unconscious! All of the obvious racism and double standards in Louisiana doesn’t change the fact that these boys did something unbelievably wrong.
September 21st, 2007 at 6:41 pmYou know I love ya man, but the fact that six teenagers beat Justin Barker is understood by all and really needs no mention. IN A VACUUM, if he had received a normal juvy sentence in line with what a white youth might receive, then there is really no story about Mychal Bell. But this story is not in a vaccuum. I ALSO didn’t mention in the article that two days earlier black student Robert Bailey (one of Jena 6) was jumped by a couple of white teens at “Fair Barn” and also had a shotgun pulled to his face by another 22 year old white man. Prior to Barker making taunts about Bailey getting his ass-whupped (while reportedly throwing in “nigger boy” for good measure) none of the whites in connection to Bailey would receive as much as one day of jail time. This followed a long pattern of whites not being adequately punished: not the boys who hung the nooses, not the school board, not the DA’s job, and not anyone else. Add it all together and Bell has already served about a year in prison (I think) and all punishement for whites equal probation and missing a few days of school (although Barker didn’t miss his ring ceremony on the same night he was beaten). You simply can’t have a long series of injustices go unpunished and then expect to throw the book at Mychal Bell and the Jena 6 in the name of justice. Given the backdrop, the six boys taking matters into their own hands is “believably wrong”. Everything about Jena’s local leadership prior the the incident and after the incident was “unbelievably wrong”.
But this story is so much bigger that the fight is almost incidental at this point. All of the events tell a story of a community, like many other communities in and beyond Louisiana, that is still living in a Jim Crow era. If all 6 of the Jena kids are freed tomorrow, that fact will still remain. Jim Crow’s child that is America’s criminal justice system will also still remain as is if every american does not stand up now the way so many did in the 1960s. The broader discussion of WHOLESALE PRISON REFORM must be the result of what this case, Shaquanda Cotton, and hundreds of DNA exonerees brings to light. We have to continue to relentlessly discuss it until prison reform enters our presidential debates the way segregation once did in the 1960s.
September 22nd, 2007 at 3:11 pmScribe, I agree that the notion that the noose hangings having nothing to do with the fight is absolutely preposterous. It was obviously part of a series of events and considering the pettiest of things that highschoolers hold grudges for over the course of years, it is ridiculous to imagine that a few months go by and the nooses are simply gone from memory like yesterday’s wash.
While I completely agree with you that Jena is about justice and the meida’s blatant hypocrisy, my observations were a bit different from you with regard to diversity. I just came home this morning from the march after doing a very long “Get on the Bus” trip which was physically exhaustive, but still well worth the communal and educational experience. I saw all walks of diversity within the African-American community, but I must say that I was deeply dissappointed and, perhaps naively surprised, by the lack of white turnout. From 8 am to Noon I could not count more than 50 whites in a sea of black although I was walking all around. It seemed to be in stark contrast to say, the 1963 March on Washington where the diversity was readily visible– even from helicopter view. Since the march seemed to come in about four different waves, perhaps I missed something that you didn’t
September 22nd, 2007 at 5:15 pmThe right of black men to beat white men unconscious when aggrieved is an inalienable right.
It needs to be protected.
The courts and Congress will do nothing. It is up to the people to force their hand.
September 22nd, 2007 at 9:13 pmSimon, I saw your ludicrous post yesterday and chose not to comment because it was well… ludicrous. But it ocuurred to me that there are too many others who think just like you that it probably should be clearly addressed. Having been at the rally and in discussions with countless fellow demonstrators, let me clear something up. If Mychal Bell was punished with a standard sentence in line with his behavior, and all of these surrounding factors were non-existent, then there would be no protest at all. I think that somewhere deep deep inside, you know this fact full well and are playing silly little games.
When myself and other protesters are saying “Free the Jena 6″, what we are saying is if a community simply REFUSES to hold virtually ANY act of white misconduct accountable (noose-hangers; the school board; the DA; the white kids who jumped Robert Bailey; the entire prosecution; etc.) then give the very same “white passes” to black youth.
The term “Free the Jena 6″ is on a small scale a plea for EQUAL JUSTICE. On a larger, and far more important scale, it is a cry for equal justice across our entire justice system. If you can’t understand such a simple notion, then you probably shouldn’t even be discussing the case.
September 23rd, 2007 at 2:50 pmGreat job, thanks for sharing the experience
September 24th, 2007 at 8:08 pmmodi,
January 13th, 2008 at 5:53 pmi usually agree with your comments because they are quite thoughtful. But take this into consideration..Simon (idiot though he may be) should be discussing the case! Would you deprive an idiot his view? It may well be that he isnt an idiot but a true trouble maker who’s plan is to incense and poison readers. Thats ok too. He can be turned around. When we turn a guy like him and educate him, we have a valuable ally in the struggle. We both know that because changing the stinkin thinkin of offenders of all kinds is our lifes work and passion. I didnt like his statement either but i hope he’s willing to say more so we can respond.
simon,
January 13th, 2008 at 6:00 pmyou are right. It is the job of legislators to make things right and we need to keep up the “street heat” on the so-called powers that be to make these changes legally. If you need to know how and where to help get that done, just check in.
It won’t do us much good if our strongest warriors are in prison which is where you will surely be if you follow your stated plan.
No man has the right to lay hands on another
Protecting yourself and your family is one thing, exacting “bum rush” justice only hurts the struggle and puts you farther away from us. Stay with us, we need you!
Modi,
A story ran in the Washington Post recently about a girl who was induced to suicide by an online acquaintance who realistically was her friend. We often blog here about the danger that are MSM and media. The tragic events took Blog power to a whole nother level.
By Resolved, I mean to acknowledge the recommendation to view the Great Debaters. MAGNIFICENT. Thanks. An encounter and a miracle await us on 7th St.
January 15th, 2008 at 12:17 amCobillion, thanks for the post and I admire your patience.
Steady, yes, “blog power” certainly cuts both ways. At the end of the day “good speech” must trump “bad speech”. BTW, thanks for clearing up “resolved”!
January 15th, 2008 at 8:10 pmСпасибо наконец то нашла то что хотела прочитать тут. Кстати у меня есть рисунки на эту тему. Куда можно скинуть? Ещё раз спасибо !
March 6th, 2009 at 9:27 amI wonder if mr. holier than feels the same way about the THUG white girls that beat up another girl just to get on youtube.
April 7th, 2009 at 3:25 pmi can’t beleive such a man would do this to the colored people because he may think they don’t know anything but they do and they are very smart and they should have stood up to mr. dumb crow and hung him and lit him on fire
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